Alloy 321 (UNS S32100) is a titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800 –1500°F (427– 816°C).
Strip, Coil, Foil, Wire, UNS S32100, AMS 5510
APPLICATIONS
Aircraft collector rings, exhaust stacks, carburetor air intensifier tubes, exhaust manifolds, flexible couplings, jet engine parts, mufflers, pressure vessels, tubing, fasteners, flexible metal hose and bellows
DESCRIPTION
Type 321 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel containing Titanium which is recommended for parts fabricated by welding which cannot subsequently be annealed. Type 321 is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel similar to type 304 but with a titanium addition. This titanium addition reduces or prevents carbide precipitation during welding and in 800 - 1500 °F (427 - 816 °C) service. It also improves the elevated temperature properties of the alloy. Type 321 provides excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion and possesses good creep strength.
Grades 321 and 347 are the basic austenitic 18/8 steel (Grade 304) stabilized by Titanium (321) or Niobium (347) additions. These grades are used because they are not sensitive to intergranular corrosion after heating within the carbide precipitation range of 425-850 °C. Grade 321 is the grade of choice for applications in the temperature range of up to about 900 °C, combining high strength, resistance to scaling and phase stability with resistance to subsequent aqueous corrosion.
Grade 321H is a modification of 321 with higher carbon content, to provide improved high-temperature strength.
A limitation with 321 is that titanium does not transfer well across a high-temperature arc, so it is not recommended as a welding consumable. In this case grade 347 is preferred - the niobium performs the same carbide stabilization task but can be transferred across a welding arc. Grade 347 is, therefore, the standard consumable for welding 321. Grade 347 is only occasionally used as parent plate material.
Like other austenitic grades, 321 and 347 have excellent forming and welding characteristics, are readily brake or roll-formed and have outstanding welding characteristics. Post-weld annealing is not required. They also have excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures. Grade 321 does not polish well, so is not recommended for decorative applications.
Grade 304L is more readily available in most product forms, and so is generally used in preference to 321 if the requirement is simply for resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding. However, 304L has lower hot strength than 321 and so is not the best choice if the requirement is resistance to an operating environment over about 500 °C
CHEMISTRY TYPICAL
Carbon: 0.08 max
Manganese: 2.00 max
Silicon: 0.75 max
Chromium: 17.00-19.00
Nickel: 9.00-12.00
Molybdenum: 0.75 max
Phosphorus: 0.045 max
Sulfur: .030 max
Copper: 0.75 max
Nitrogen: .010 max
Titanium: 5x (Carbon+ Nitrogen) min-0.70 max
Iron: BalancePHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density: 0.29 lbs/in3 9.01 g/cm3
Electrical Resistivity: microhm-in (microhm-cm): 68 °F (20 °C): 28.4 (72)Specific Heat: BTU/lb/°F (kJ/kg•K):
32 - 212 °F (0 - 100 °C): 0.12 (0.50)
Thermal Conductivity: BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F (W/m•K):
At 212 °F (100 °C): 9.3 (16.0)
At 932 °F (500 °C): 12.8 (22.0)
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: in/in/°F (µm/m•K)
32 - 212 °F (0 - 100 °C): 9.2 x 10·6 (16.6)
32 - 600 °F (0- 315 °C): 9.5 x 10·6 (17.1)
32 - 1000 °F (0 - 538 °C): 10.3 x 10·6 (18.5)
32 - 1200 °F (0 - 649 °C): 10.7 x 10·6 (19.3)
32 - 1500 °F (0 - 873 °C): 11.2 x 10·6 (20.2)
Modulus of Elasticity: ksi (MPa)
28 x 103 (193 x 103) in tension
11 .2 x 103 (78 x 103) in torsion
Magnetic Permeability: H = 200 Oersteds: Annealed < 1.02 max
Melting Range: 2500 - 2550 °F (1371 - 1400 °C)
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