Introduction
MONEL alloys contain nickel and copper as the main components. Robert Crooks Stanley discovered this alloy in 1901 while working at the International Nickel Company.
There are a number of MONEL alloys available commercially including MONEL 400, 401, 404, R-405, 450 and K-500. The standard forms in which MONEL alloys are available are hexagon, flats, forging stock, tube and pipe.
MONEL 404 has a relatively high copper content, hence is suitable for electric and electronic applications. The content of the elements that make up the MONEL 404 is adjusted such that the alloy has a very low Curie temperature, low permeability and good brazing characteristics.
This datasheet will look into the chemical composition, properties and applications of MONEL 404 alloy.
APPLICATIONS
Electronic and electrical devices, marine fixtures, chemical processing equipment, gasoline tanks, boiler feed water heaters and other heat exchangers
DESCRIPTION
Monel® 404 (Nickel 404) has high strength and toughness over a wide temperature range with excellent resistance to many corrosive environments. The alloy also has low permeability and good brazing characteristics.
CHEMISTRY TYPICAL
Nickel + Cobalt: 52.0 - 57 .0
Manganese: 0.10 max
Silicon: 0.10 max
Cobalt: 1.00 max
Iron: 0.50 max
Sulfur: 0.024 max
Carbon: 0.15 max
Copper: Balance
Aluminum: 0.05 maxPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density: 0.322 lbs/in3, 8.91 g/cm3
Electrical Resistivity: ohm-cir mil/ft (microhm-m)
At 70 °F (21 °C): 294 (0.498)Specific Heat: Btu/lb-°F (J/g-°C)
At 70 °F (21 °C): 0.0989 (0.414)Thermal Conductivity: BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F (W/m-°C)
At 70 °F (21 °C)-133 (21)
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: µin/in-°F,(µm/m°C)
70 - 200 °F (21 - 93 °C) 7.39 (13.3)
70 - 572 °F (21 - 300 °C) 8.50 (15.3)
70 - 1000 °F (21 - 539 °C) 9.22 (16.6)
70 - 1500 °F (21 - 816 °C) 9.78 (17.6)
Modulus of Elasticity: ksi (MPa) in Tension
24.5 X 103 (169 X 103)
Magnetic Permeability, H = 200 Oersteds: Annealed 1.0017 max
Melting Point: 2370 °F (1300 °C)FORMS
Coil -Strip, Foil, Ribbon
Wire -Profile, Round, Flat, SquareMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
PROPERTIES: ANNEALED
Ultimate Tensile Strength: 70 KSI min (483 MPA min)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset): 25 KSI min (172 MPA min)
Elongation: 35% minPROPERTIES: TEMPERED
Monel® 404 (Nickel 404) can be cold rolled to various tempers. Contact Ulbrich Technical Service for additional information.
ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES
CORROSION RESISTANCE
FINISHES
#1 - Hot rolled annealed and descaled. It is available in strip, foil and ribbon. It is used for applications where a smooth decorative finish is not required.
#2D - Dull finish produced by cold rolling, annealing and descaling. Used for deep drawn parts and those parts that need to retain lubricants in the forming process.
#2B - Smooth finish produced by cold rolling, annealing and descaling. A light cold rolling pass is added after anneal with polished rolls giving it a brighter finish than 2D.
#BA- Bright annealed cold rolled and bright annealed
#CBA- Course bright annealed cold rolled matte finish and bright anneal
#2 - Cold Rolled
#2BA- Smooth finish produced by cold rolling and bright annealing. A light pass using highly polished rolls produces a glossy finish. A 2BA finish may be used for lightly formed applications where a glossy finish is desired in the formed part.
Polished - Various grit finish for specific polish finished requirements.
* Not all finishes are available for all alloys - Contact Sales for applicable finishes.WIRE FINISHES
XC - Extra Clean Bright Annealed or Bright Annealed and Cold Rolled Grease - Ultra bright finish (for decorative applications)
Soap - Soap coating on tempered wire to act as lubricant
HEAT TREATMENT
Monel® 404 (Nickel 404) is non hardenable by heat treatment.
WELDING
For best results refer to: SSINA's "Welding of Stainless Steels and Other Joining Methods".
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