Titanium alloys are alloys that contain a mixture of titanium and other chemical elements. Such alloys have very high tensile strength and toughness (even at extreme temperatures). They are light in weight, have extraordinary corrosion resistance and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures. However, the high cost of both raw materials and processing limit their use to military applications, aircraft, spacecraft, bicycles, medical devices, jewelry, highly stressed components such as connecting rods on expensive sports cars and some premium sports equipment and consumer electronics.
Although "commercially pure" titanium has acceptable mechanical properties and has been used for orthopedic and dental implants, for most applications titanium is alloyed with small amounts of aluminium and vanadium, typically 6% and 4% respectively, by weight. This mixture has a solid solubility which varies dramatically with temperature, allowing it to undergo precipitation strengthening. This heat treatment process is carried out after the alloy has been worked into its final shape but before it is put to use, allowing much easier fabrication of a high-strength product.
Grade 1
Grade 1 titanium is the first of four commercially pure titanium grades. It is the softest and most ductile of these grades. It possesses the greatest formability, excellent corrosion resistance and high impact toughness.
Because of all these qualities, Grade 1 is the material of choice for any application where ease of formability is required and is commonly available as titanium plate and tubing. These include:
Chemical processing
Chlorate manufacturing
Dimensional stable anodes
Desalination
Architecture
Medical industry
Marine industry
Automotive parts
Airframe structure
Ti Grade 1 is the softest titanium with the highest ductility, good cold formability which gives Ti Grade 1 an excellent resistance from mild to high oxidization.
Available forms of CP Titanium Grade 1 are seamless pipe, welded pipe, seamless tube, welded tube, bar, wire, sheet, plate, forgings, pipe fittings and flanges.
Titanium CP4 – Grade 1
Commercially Pure Titanium Grade 1 is the softest titanium and has the highest ductility. It has good cold forming characteristics and provides excellent corrosion resistance. It also has excellent welding properties and high impact toughness.
Applications
Architecture, Automotive Desalination, Dimensional Stable Anodes, Medical, Marine, Processing & Chlorate Manufacturing
Standards
ASME SB-363, ASME SB-381, ASME SB-337, ASME SB-338, ASME SB-348, ASTM F-67, ASME SB-265, ASME SB-337, ASME SB-338
Forms Available
Bar, Flanges, Forgings, Sheet, Welding Wire
Comparison between Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 2 , Titanium Grade 3 and Titanium Grade 4
Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 2 , Titanium Grade 3 and Titanium Grade 4 are considered commercially pure. Microstructurally, they are all alpha-phase alloys. The difference, however, lies in the amount of interstitial elements added to each grade. The figure below shows the interstitials level of each grade and its corresponding mechanical properties.
Interstitial elements such as O², Fe and N, with oxygen (Oxygen) being the most significant. Titanium Grade 1 contains the least interstitial elements and has the lowest ultimate tensile stress (UTS) i.e. 0.18% wt. O², 0.20% wt. Fe and 240 MPa. Titanium Grade 4, on the other hand, contains the most interstitial elements and has the highest UTS (more than twice that of Titanium Grade 1) i.e. 0.40% wt. O², 0.50% wt. Fe and 550 MPa. Therefore, we can conclude that the higher the interstitials e.g. O² and Fe, the stronger the alloy. It is evident that as UTS increases, elongation decreases, making the alloy less ductile. The strength of commercially pure Titanium thus increases with the Grade number i.e. Titanium Grade 4 is stronger than Titanium Grade 3, Titanium Grade 3 is stronger than Titanium Grade 2 and Titanium Grade 2 is stronger than Titanium Grade 1.
GRADE UTS (MPA) 0.2% (MPA) %EL O2 %WT C %WT N %WT H %WT FE %WT 1 240 138 24 0.18 0.08 0.03 0.015 0.20 2 345 275 20 0.25 0.08 0.03 0.015 0.30 3 450 380 18 0.35 0.08 0.05 0.015 0.30 4 550 483 15 0.40 0.08 0.05 0.015 0.50
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