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Name:Ti6Al4V Grade 5
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Brief introduction: Ti6Al4V Grade 5
Titanium Alloys - Ti6Al4V Grade 5
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Titanium Based Alloys

Titanium Grade 5 – Titanium 6Al-4V

Titanium Grade 5 alloy is the most commercially available of all titanium alloys. It offers an excellent combination of high strength and toughness. Grade 5 titanium has good welding and fabrication characteristics.


Grade 5 also known as Ti6Al4V, Ti-6Al-4V or Ti 6-4
not to be confused with Ti-6Al-4V-ELI (Grade 23), is the most commonly used alloy. It has a chemical composition of 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium, 0.25% (maximum) iron, 0.2% (maximum) oxygen, and the remainder titanium. It is significantly stronger than commercially pure titanium (grades 1-4) while having the same stiffness and thermal properties (excluding thermal conductivity, which is about 60% lower in Grade 5 Ti than in CP Ti). Among its many advantages, it is heat treatable. This grade is an excellent combination of strength, corrosion resistance, weld and fabricability.
"This alpha-beta alloy is the workhorse alloy of the titanium industry. The alloy is fully heat treatable in section sizes up to 15 mm and is used up to approximately 400 °C (750 °F). Since it is the most commonly used alloy – over 70% of all alloy grades melted are a sub-grade of Ti6Al4V, its uses span many aerospace airframe and engine component uses and also major non-aerospace applications in the marine, offshore and power generation industries in particular."

"Applications: Blades, discs, rings, airframes, fasteners, components. Vessels, cases, hubs, forgings. Biomedical implants."


Generally, Ti-6Al-4V is used in applications up to 400 degrees Celsius. It has a density of roughly 4420 kg/m3, Young's modulus of 120 GPa, and tensile strength of 1000 MPa. By comparison, annealed type 316 stainless steel has a density of 8000 kg/m3, modulus of 193 GPa, and tensile strength of 570 MPa. Tempered 6061 aluminium alloy has a density of 2700 kg/m3, modulus of 69 GPa, and tensile strength of 310 MPa, respectively.
Ti-6Al-4V standard specifications include:
AMS: 4911, 4928, 4965, 4967, 6930, 6931, T-9046, T9047
ASTM: B265, B348, F1472
MIL: T9046 T9047
DMS: 1592, 1570

Composition

Table 1. The composition of Ti6Al4V Grade 5.


Content

C

<0.08%

Fe

<0.25%

N2

<0.05%

O2

<0.2%

Al

5.5-6.76%

V

3.5-4.5%

H2(sheet)

<0.015%

H2(bar)

<0.0125%

H2(billet)

<0.01%

Ti

Balance


Key Properties

Physical Properties

Table 2. Typical physical properties for Ti6Al4V.

Property

Typical Value

Density g/cm3 (lb/ cu in)

4.42 (0.159)

Melting Range °C±15°C (°F)

1649 (3000)

Specific Heat J/kg.°C (BTU/lb/°F)

560 (0.134)

Volume Electrical Resistivity ohm.cm (ohm.in)

170 (67)

Thermal Conductivity W/m.K (BTU/ft.h.°F)

7.2 (67)

Mean Co-Efficient of Thermal Expansion 0-100°C /°C (0-212°F /°F)

8.6x10-6 (4.8)

Mean Co-Efficient of Thermal Expansion 0-300°C /°C (0-572°F /°F)

9.2x10-6 (5.1)

Beta Transus °C±15°C (°F)

999 (1830)

 

Mechanical Properties

Table 3. Typical mechanical properties for Ti6Al4V.

Property

Minimum

Typical Value

Tensile Strength MPa (ksi)

897 (130)

1000 (145)

0.2% Proof Stress MPa (ksi)

828 (120)

910 (132)

Elongation Over 2 Inches %

10

18

Reduction in Area %

20


Elastic Modulus GPa (Msi)


114 (17)

Hardness Rockwell C


36

Specified Bend Radius <0.070 in x Thickness


4.5

Specified Bend Radius >0.070 in x Thickness


5.0

Welded Bend Radius x Thickness

6


Charpy, V-Notch Impact J (ft.lbf)


24 (18)

 

Fabrication

  • Weldability – Fair
  • Forging – Rough 982°C (1800°F), finish 968°C (1775°F)
  • Annealing - 732°C (1350°F), 4hr, FC to 566°C (1050°F), A.C. F.C. not necessary for bars
  • Solution Heat Treating – Forgings
  • Aging – 904-954°C (1660-1750°F), 5 min-2hrs, W.Q. 538°C (1000°F), 4hr, A.C.

Applications

As mentioned previously, this alloy is the most popular of the titanium alloys. It is used for a range of applications in the aerospace, marine, power generation and offshore industries.



Elevated Costs With Grade 5 Titanium 6Al-4V

While Grade 5 Titanium is moderately superior to Grade 9 Titanium in some material characteristics such as shear and tensile strength there are serious challenges to using it for manufacturing applications where working with precision rolled coil is optimal.

For demanding applications such as biomedical implants where a material is needed that can emulate bone and high-temperature structural applications in the aerospace industry Grade 5 Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) is a common choice.

Vanadium is an important alloying element for both Grade 5 and Grade 9 Titanium. When alloyed with Ti, the resulting titanium alloy is significantly stronger than commercially pure titanium while retaining comparable stiffness and thermal characteristics. As mentioned, Grade 5 has properties similar to human bones which makes it the popular choice for orthopedic medical devices. Other more common applications include tension set rings, bicycle parts, and nuts and bolts used in harsh conditions.

Titanium 22 element

Typically Titanium Grade 5, also known on production floors as "6-4", is used for applications which involve machining. The titanium alloy is most commonly available only in plates and sheets, not coil. Because Grade 5 is not cold-formable, it can't be as efficiently stamped or drawn as Titanium Grade 9 can. It is most often used when no forming is needed because there are better options in formable Titanium Alloys. Grade 5 can be hot formed with contact heating but requires special equipment and considerations that are not as streamlined as the process of batch production when unspooling from a coil.

Grade 5 titanium is a fantastic material that is highly desirable for extremely demanding applications. As a result of higher production costs from vacuum melting and process costs rise and the higher value increases warehousing risk and storage expenses for manufacturers. To achieve the desired thickness Grade 5 must be meticulously cut or ground down, and its use in small gauge applications is severely limited. As a consequence of those cutting and grinding operations, the scrap Grade 5 Titanium material can't be re-melted after it has been mixed with the grinding media which increases the yield loss.

This is why 21st Century manufacturers in all tiers are looking to Titanium 3-2.5 as the solution when strip, foil, or wire gauges are needed for their manufacturing application.

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