1080 Forging Steel is an excellent steel for beginning knife makers and professionals alike. An ideal choice for forging and for layering with 15N20 for Damascus. Hot rolled and annealed. Requires less soak time in heat before quenching and is very forgiving during the heat treat process making it great for heat treating in a forge.
Introduction
Steels that have carbon as the key alloying element are called as carbon steels. They also contain up to 0.4% silicon and 1.2% manganese. The residual elements such as copper, molybdenum, aluminium, chromium and nickel are also present in these steels.
The following datasheet will discuss about AISI 1080 carbon steel in detail.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of AISI 1080 carbon steel is outlined in the following table.
Element Content (%) Iron, Fe
98.0 - 99.0
Carbon, C 0.75 - 0.88 Manganese, Mn 0.60 - 0.90 Sulfur, S 0.05 (max) Phosphorous, P 0.04 (max) Physical Properties
The physical properties of AISI 1080 carbon steel are tabulated below.
Properties Metric Imperial Density 7.7-8.03 g/cm3 0.278-0.290 lb/in³ Mechanical Properties
The following table shows mechanical properties of AISI 1080 carbon steel.
Properties Metric Imperial Elastic modulus 190-210 GPa 29700-30458 ksi Poisson’s ratio 0.27-0.30 0.27-0.30 Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of AISI 1080 carbon steel are given in the following table.
Properties Conditions T (ºC) Treatment Thermal expansion co-efficient 14.7 x (10-6/ ºC) 20 - 700 annealed Thermal conductivity 48.1 W/mK 100 - Other Designations
Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 1080 carbon steel include the following:
- AMS 5110
- AMS 5110B
- ASTM A29 (1080)
- ASTM A510 (1080)
- ASTM A576 (1080)
- ASTM A682 (1080)
- ASTM A713 (1080)
- ASTM A830
- QQ S700 (C1080)
- SAE J1397 (1080)
- SAE J403 (1080)
- SAE J412 (1080)
- MIL SPEC MIL-S-16974
AISI 1080 Steel Heat treatment
Common processes employed on 1080 cold rolled steel Normalizing, annealing, and hardening.
Normalizing
Normalizing 1080 steel is an important process because it refines microstructure. This refined microstructure makes this steel suitable for springs and shafts.
The normalizing temperature for this steel is between 800-850oC.
Full Annealing
Incase of annealing, there is no sub-critical annealing region and the composition is closer to the eutectoid point. So, the Full annealing temperature of this specific grade of steel is lower as compared to other grades.
79-850o C is the optimum annealing range for 1080 high carbon colled rolled steel. Holding time for thickness less than 75mm size sample is 1 hr with addition half-hour for each 25.4 mm increase in sample size.
Quenching 1080 Steel
Hardening is extremely important to achieve desired hardness in the microstructure. To achieve a hardness of 65HRC measured on Rockwell hardness tester, water or bring quenching is used on 1080 grade.
Hardening temperature is similar to the above heat treatment processes i.e. 800-820oC.
Tempering 1080 Steel
Tempering of 1080 steel is extremely important to relieve quenching stresses. There are lots of quenching defects that can generate which can be removed in process of tempering.
The effect of tempering can be seen in the chart below. We explained the role of tempering on the microstructure of 1080 steel and its hardness in the article, “tempering steel process”. Give it a look, you will find all answers.
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